What Is Water of Hydration

Water of hydration is water that is stoichiometrically bound into a crystal. While the water is found within a crystal, it is not directly bonded to a metal cation. Crystal salts containing water of hydration are called hydrates. Also Known As: water of crystallization, crystallization water How Water of Hydration Forms Many crystals form from particles dissolved in water or aqueous solutions. Its common for some of that water to be incorporated into the framework of a crystal. Usually, heating a crystal drives off water of hydration, but the structure of the crystal is lost. Water of Hydration Example Commercial root killers often contain copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 ·5H2O) cyrstals. The five water molecules are called water of hydration. Proteins typically contain around 50 percent water within their crystal lattice. Nomenclature Water of hydration may be indicated a few different ways: (1) For a compound consisting of a hydrate with coordinated water, the formula is written: hydrated compound(H2O)n Example: ZnCl2(H2O)4 (2) When a compound contains lattice water, but its stoichiometric ratio changes or is unknown, the formula may be written simply: hydrated compound ·nH2O Example: CaCl2 ·2H2O (3) The notations may be combined: Example: [Cu(H2O)4)SO4 ·H2O

Essay about Michael Moore’s Capitalism A Love Story

Michael Moore used comical tactics as a way to appeal to his audience in this piece of literature. Michael Moore’s argument is that capitalism is destroying the nation’s economy rather than helping to develop it. The poor are suffering, while the richer are getting richer. The arguments that Moore used may not be considered tangible by all, but he definitely did have the evidence to support his argument. Michael Moore purpose was to expose this ground breaking issue of the dominance of corporate America through video. He used the web source as a source to get his message across because he knew the internet would be accessible to many people. Moore in this film used the different elements of reasoning to identify the message he was sending†¦show more content†¦Michael Moore believed that the money that the Government used to bail out the banks could have put to better use. The government took the American’s hard worked money to bail out the banks, as well for their personal benefits. Michael Moore went to some extreme measure to help the people, such as placing yellow tape around some federal building such as JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America and so forth, sending a message to the banks that people wanted their money back. Moore, himself went on behalf of the American people to confront the individuals of corporate America. Moore’s argument was solid and had evidence to support his argument. Another firm argument that he had was that capitalism was not helping out nation or economy, but it was only making the middle class and the poor people suffer. Michael could not figure out why the economy was in such shambles when people were still paying their taxes. Michael decided to do some more research and found that a judge was handing out long term juvenile sentences under false pretense. For example, a young found smoking pot the judge ordered the teenager to serve four months, but instead of serving four months she spent almost a year. Michael did some more digging and found that the longer the juveniles stay locked the money goes into the private jail owners pocket. Although some would say that the film seemedShow MoreRelatedPerversions of Capitalism in Michael Moores Capitalism: A Love Story660 Words   |  3 PagesCapitalism came into being as a social and economic system when private individuals or corporations--as opposed to the state or classes of people--began to build businesses where the goal was profit motivated for the self-interest of the owner. This is opposed to a socialist system where the business may be owned by the state and/or profiting the state. In an ideal world, it is the economic establishment of the individual right for self-accomplishment. 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In this system, theRead MoreCapitalism Is A Way Of Organizing An Economy875 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Michael Moore documentary Capitalism a Love Story examples what capitalism is and how it hurt so many citizens. Capitalism is a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government. The documentary teaches viewers the impact that big corporations have on americans. At the beginning of the film Moore is showing middle class people get there houses taken from them because ofRead MoreCapitalism in America Essa y1019 Words   |  5 Pagesview of class is mostly controlled by the media. In the book Rereading America, there are two essays, Class in America: Gregory Mantsios, Framing Class vicarious living and Conscious Consumption: Diana Kendall, and, the film Capitalism: A Love story: Michael Moore. 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Michael Moore too acknowledges Americans’ ambition, especially his own, to create a better life for themselves. These two views of the American Dream come from very opposite Americans, but it is their differences that make their ideals so beautifully unique. To begin the comparison between these two authors, I will first examine Moore’s ideology. As it is obviously stated in the title of his book, Moore is not exactlyRead MoreSicko and Moore Essay2846 Words   |  12 PagesProfessor  Bollinger December  12,  2010 SiCKo:  The  Thought ­Provoker Michael   Francis   Moore   is   a   controversial   American   filmmaker   who   has   directed numerous   documentaries.   These   documentaries   have   taken   a   large   spectrum   of   popular American   issues   and   reduced   them   to   one:   capitalism.   His   most   popular   cinematic   works include   Bowling   for   Columbine,   Fahrenheit   9/11,   Capitalism:   A   Love   Story,   and most ­notably,   SiCKo.   With   a   liberal   stance,   Moore   has  Read MoreThe Cold War and the War on Terror987 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup of people; America was also fighting an idea. In the Cold war, America was fighting of Communism. The USA believed they were truly free, and that in order for other countries to be truly free they had to embrace capitalism and consumerism. America tried to spread capitalism to Vietnam and Korea by fighting in those countries, similarly to how America tried to bring Democracy to Iraq and Afghanistan. In the War on Terrorism, the idea that America was fighting was the idea of Terrorism. America

Environmental Engineering free essay sample

It involves  waste water management  and  air pollution  control, recycling,  waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and  public health  issues as well as a knowledge of  environmental engineering law. It is a related study of environmental science. Main task of environmental engineers is to protect public health by protecting (from further degradation), preserving (the present condition of), and enhancing the environment. Some work of Environmental engineers: Conducts hazardous-waste management  studies to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Design municipal water supply and  industrial wastewater treatment  systems. Address environmental issues such as the effects of  acid rain,  global warming,  ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from  automobile exhausts  and  industrial sources. Environmental science  is an interdisciplinary  academic field  that integrates physical and biological sciences, (including but not limited to  Ecology,  Physics,  Chemistry,  Biology,  Soil Science,  Geology,  Atmospheric Science  and  Geography) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary  approach to the study of environmental systems. Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by the ff. ssues: (a)  Ã‚   the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems. (b)  Ã‚   the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation. (c)  Ã‚   the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Related areas of study: environmental studies   incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. 2. environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality. Components of Environmental Science: Ecology  is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists might investigate the relationship between a population of organisms and some physical characteristic of their environment, such as concentration of a chemical; or they might investigate the interaction between a two populations of different organisms through some symbiotic or competitive relationship. For example, an interdisciplinary analysis of an ecological system which is being impacted by one or more stressors might include several related environmental science fields. In an estuarine setting where a proposed industrial development could impact certain species by  water  and  air pollution,  biologists  would describe the flora and fauna,  chemists  would analyze the transport of water pollutants to the marsh,  physicists  would calculate  air pollution  emissions and  geologists  would assist in understanding the marsh soils and bay muds. . Atmospheric sciences  focuses on the Earths atmosphere, with an emphasis upon its interrelation to other systems. Atmospheric sciences can include studies of  meteorology,greenhouse gas  phenomena,  atmospheric dispersion modeling  of airborne contaminants,[3][4]  sound propagation phenomena related to  noise pollution, and even  light pollution. Taking the example of the  global warming  phenomena, physicists create  computer models  of atmospheric circulation and infra-red radiation transmission, chemists examine the inventory of atmospheric chemicals and their reactions, biologists analyze the plant and animal contributions to  carbon dioxide  fluxes, and specialists such as  meteorologists  and  oceanographers add additional breadth in understanding the atmospheric dynamics. 3. Environmental chemistry  is the study of chemical alterations in the environment. Principal areas of study include  soil contamination  and  water pollution. The topics of analysis include chemical degradation in the environment, multi-phase transport of chemicals (for example, evaporation of a  solvent  containing lake to yield solvent as an air pollutant), and chemical effects upon biota. As an example study, consider the case of a leaking  solvent  tank which has entered the habitat soil of an  endangered species  of amphibian. As a method to resolve or understand the extent of  soil contamination  and subsurface transport of solvent, a computer model would be implemented. Chemists would then characterize the molecular bonding of the solvent to the specific soil type, and biologists would study the impacts upon soil  arthropods, plants, and ultimately pond-dwelling organisms that are the food of the endangered amphibian. 4. Geosciences  include  environmental geology,  environmental soil science, volcanic phenomena and evolution of the Earths crust. In some classification systems this can also includehydrology, including  oceanography. As an example study of soils  erosion, calculations would be made of  surface runoff  by soil scientists. Fluvial geomorphologists would assist in examining  sediment transport  in overland flow. Physicists would contribute by assessing the changes in light transmission in the receiving waters. Biologists would analyze subsequent impacts to aquatic flora and fauna from increases in water turbidity. Ecology study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. starts as early as 300 BC with the Greek named Theophastus, his interest with the interrelationship between organism and the living environment, become his as the Father of Botany. Environment refers to the sum of all the external forces and conditions acting on an organism or community of organism. oekologie was coined by the german zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, comes from the greek word oikos, meaning home or a place to live in. defines as the relationship of animals both to the organic as well as the inorganic environment,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in the mid-1900’s two group of botanist, one from the Europe and America, become interested in the study of plants communities, the Europeans concentrated on the composition, structure and distribution of plant communities, on the other hand the Americans concentrate to the development of plant, eventually they become interested at the animals as well, and gave a greater emphasis on inter-relationship of animals and plants. This become the birth of ecology as the formal field of study. British economist, Thomas Malthus, gave special attention to population in the early 19th century, his the first one o recognized the conflict between expanding population and earths capability to supply it. scope of ecology, organism (eg. Proto-plasma, cell, tissue, organ, organ system), population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. Organism: Levels of organization of life (inside the organism): Protoplasma – it makes up the living substance of the cell. Cell – basic unit of life Tissue-group of cell performing specific functions Organ- group of tissue carrying a particular functions Organ system – group of organ doing s specific function. Levels of organization of life (inside the organism): Population – group of organism of the same kind or species occupying a particular place at a particular time. Community – a group of populations occupying a given area. Ecosystem    basic unit of ecology, refers to the interaction between the organism and environment. It includes population, communities, habitat (the place where the organism lives) and the environment. eg. forest, grassland, river, etc. ) Biosphere – world of life. It is the portion of the earth where in life on its any form existed. Components of ecosystem: Biotic – they are the living components of ecosystem consisting of plants, animals and bacteria. Abiotic – they are the non living component that consist of substratum, ligh t, rainfall, nutrients, soil, temperature, etc. Biotic Components: Green plants   Ã‚  Ã‚     known as the producers. They capture the energy coming from the sun and together with the CO2 in the air and H2O converts this into food energy. They are called autotrophs (self nourishing), they manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis. There are also microscopic green plant called phytoplanktons, they give the green color to the bodies of water such as lake and rivers    Animals Known as the consumers. Obtain other food sources to other plants and animals they are called heterotrophs. Three types of consumers: Herbivores – that eat plants only Carnivores – animals that eat other animals. Omnivores- eat both plants and animals. Bacteria and Fungi They are called decomposers. They eat the dead bodies of plants and animals, where they get their energy and convert it to other nutrients back into the environment. They are popular called the janitor of the nature. Abiotic Components: Soil   the upper layer of the earth’s crust affected by plants and animals serves as the habitat and pool of nutrients for many organism. Humus dark decaying organic substance found in the soil. Physical characteristic of soil: Color The color of the soils is influence by the element present in the soil. Soil color and element presesent: Grey (lacks of iron) Brown red (rich in iron) Texture   the texture of the soil affects the amount of water and nutrients the soil can hold. Texture of the soil: Sandy (composed of coarse particles) Clay (consist of fine particles) Silt (composed of medium size particles. ) Loamy (mixture of clay, sand and silt) Moisture Water content of the soil. It is influence by factors such as: Texture Amount of rainfall Slope of the land Underlying rock type. pH The concentration of hydrogen ions on the soil. The soil which contain a large amount of lime is alkaline and with large amount of granite id acidic. pH value raging from 1-6 is acidic and 8-14 are basic while those with 7 reading is neutral type of soil. Structure Refers to the arrangement of it’s particle which build up larger amount of soil structure is called peds. The peds damage will result to the poor drainage of water to the soil. 2. Water Importance of water in ecosystem: It comprise of a large percentage of the tissues of all living organism. Required by plants to support their non woody tissues. Used by the plants as a vessel of nutrients from the soil. It is absorbed by the plant and release in the environment which produces the cooling effect. Plant adaptation to water: (Based on the tolerance of plant to water. ):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Hydropytes (Plants that grow in water and waterlogged soils)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Halophytes (Plants that grow in saline environment. )   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Xerophytes (Plants that grow in dry or arid condition. 3. Temperature Affects the plant and cooled blooded animals by controlling their metabolism. Affect the water loss of the organism. Most organism function at temperature between 0 degree to 50 degree centigrade.. 4. Wind An agent of pollination and seed dispersal. It also affects transpiration in the plants by causing faster evaporation with in their surroundings. Pathways of energy: Energy It is needed by the organism for growth, maintenance and repair and for life. Organism obtain their energy by two ways: Autotrophy (producing their own food) Heterotrophy (eating other organism) Food Chain Consist of the sequence of organism that eat other organism through which energy is transferred. Every food chain starts a producer and end with decomposers. Trophic levels of food chain: First trophic ( producers) Second trophic (herbivores called primary consumers) Third trophic (carnivore that eat hervobores) 4th trophic (carnivores that eat carnivores) In food chain the energy transferred from one trophic level to another is decreasing. Food web Consist of several interlocking food chain. It is a transfer of energy involving several pathways. Nutrients cycle: Classification of Nutrients: Macronutrients – those that are required by organism by large quantities. Ex. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen Micronutrient – are needed by the organism by smaller amounts. Ex. Sulfur, potassium, iron, and phosphorus. Water Cycles: Evaporation (from bodies of water) Respiration ( from animals) Transpiration (from the trees) Condensation   (accumulation of all the vapors, transpiration and respiration) Precipitation (for rain) Runoff (water run from the higher grounds) Carbon and Oxygen cycle: Carbon is mostly present in the environment by cabon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is present at: It could be found at dead organism. Volcano eruption. Respiration of animals. Oxygen is abundant in plants transpiration, it is release in the air as a waste product and absorbed by animals. Nitrogen Cycles: Nitrogen constitutes 78% of air in the atmosphere. Plants used it as a nitrates, and nitrogen converted it by two process: The action of lightning. Process of action by specialized organism such as legumes. Communities Community Group of different kinds of organism or species living together in a particular place. Worlds Major communities: 1. Dessert Biome Bushes and shrubs for vegetation Sandy, dry and loose type of soil. Less than 10 cm of rain fall in a year. Lizards, snakes, eagles, owls, toads, insects and small

Leadership and Management Style in Hospitality Industry Essay Example

Leadership and Management Style in Hospitality Industry Essay Case Study of Leadership and Management Style in the Hospitality Industry Errika Bates Business Management 333, section A Ryan Butt November 27, 2010 Leadership and Management Style in the Hospitality Industry Introduction In discussing the paper about leadership and the managing hospitality businesses Central Florida Investment/Westgate Hotels and Resorts according to Williams, (2009-2010) states that a leader is concerned with doing the right thing and focuses on their vision, mission, goals, and objectives. He defines leadership as the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals (p. 252). Leadership and the success of the leadership will be compared to other hotels like the Omni Hotel and Resorts. Kouzes, and Posner (1995) states that leadership is defined as the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations (p 30). First, the paper will be discussed about what the effective leadership does to make their company a success, what type of leaders works and how should leaders behave? Secondly, in discussing the leadership in hotel management will be about what approaches and theories that were used to lead the company to their success? Thirdly, a discussion of evaluating the background of the hotels presentation and compare to the other hotels mention above. Lastly, the paper will be discussed about what are the best practices that identify Westgate Hotel with their other competition? History of Two Privately-Owned Companies Over the years many leaders have started their corporations at the bottom of not knowing that one day they would become a successful leader in the hospitality and tourism business. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management Style in Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management Style in Hospitality Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management Style in Hospitality Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the past thirty years David Siegel Founder, President and CEO of Central Florida Investment and Westgate has became the largest privately held corporation. He created an empire (timeshare, real estate, construction, hotel and apartment management, travel services, telecommunications, citrus, insurance, transportation, retail, and much more) which was started as a real estate development in the garage of his family home. Siegel stresses that to be a leader in the hospitality industry you have to be constantly focusing the efforts on understanding the customer’s needs and exceeding their expectations. Not only have Mr. Siegel created his vision for families to enjoy the luxury of his accommodations, he also invests in his employees. CFI has 30 resorts with 10,000 timeshare units that they operate and manage. On the other hand, Omni Hotel and Resorts was founded by the Dunfey family from New England as a hospitality company. The Dunfey Hotel Corporation purchased Omni International Hotels which was acquired by World International Holding, Ltd. and Wharf (Holding) Ltd, and then in the year of 1996 TFT Holdings, Inc. cquired Omni Hotels’ properties, franchise agreements, contracts and the name worldwide except for in Asia. Meanwhile, James D. Caldwell is the President of TFT Holdings, Inc and became the CEO of Omni Hotels. Upon becoming the CEO of Omni Hotels and Resorts Caldwell has been able to develop a new vision and is able to define a sensible luxury in the hotel marketplace. Omni is comprised of 45 luxury hotels and resorts throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexi co. What does Effective Leadership do to make their company a Success Leaders according to Williams (2009-2010) there are two types of behaviors that form the basis for leadership theory. One is initiating structure by structuring the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks and the second type of behavior is consideration in which the leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees. Initiating structure primarily affects subordinates job performance and consideration primarily affects subordinates job satisfaction. The behaviors that both leaderships display in the hospitality industry Omni’s Hotel and Resorts and Westgate’s Resort is initiating structure and consideration. Omni have an executive board according to their uniqueness and passion in carrying out the teamwork for their successes in operation of the business. In comparison Central Florida Investments/ Westgate’s Resorts have their executive board according to their prior experiences in sales, accounting finance, managing projects and programs, and law. According to Williams, he asked the question, â€Å"What makes a good leader? (254), a good leader can be someone who is not afraid of following their vision and is able to share that vision with others to make the vision to come true. In an article by John Kotter (1990) mentions how management and leadership are different, but they complement one another. For example, the heart can’t function without the flow of blood cells through its veins and throughou t the ventricles in other part of the body in order for a person to live. The heart never rest it keeps on pumping when everything else is resting mentally and physically. On the other hand, leaders operate in almost the same fashion as the heart the work of a successful and effective leader work is never done, they continuously committed to improving their business, promoting change, challenging opportunities and expanding on growth. Kotter’s definition on the difference between management and leadership is management is about coping with complexity and leadership is about coping with change. Effective and successful leadership comes when corporations are actively searching for people with the potential to lead and with experiences that will help to develop the potential. According to Kotter (1990) companies should be careful in selecting leaders that is strong in their leadership and combining them with weak management (4). In combining the strong leadership with weak management will cause either the weak to drain the strength out of the leader and may cause issues of greatness for the company, so strong leadership and strong management combined would be a better suit for the company because the both could lean and depend on one another. Approaches and Theories The approach that Westgate Resorts takes according to the webpage information, Siegel strategy